{"id":1042,"date":"2020-12-13T21:40:52","date_gmt":"2020-12-13T21:40:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/alfremancera.com\/blog\/?p=1042"},"modified":"2022-03-16T01:51:17","modified_gmt":"2022-03-16T01:51:17","slug":"historia-pgp-phil-zimmermann","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alfre.info\/blog\/historia-pgp-phil-zimmermann\/","title":{"rendered":"Historia de PGP y Phil Zimmermann"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:728px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-video fusion-youtube\" style=\"--awb-max-width:800px;--awb-max-height:450px;--awb-align-self:flex-start;--awb-width:100%;\"><div class=\"video-shortcode\"><div class=\"fluid-width-video-wrapper\" style=\"padding-top:56.25%;\" ><iframe title=\"YouTube video player 1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1uCgkG1hrh4?wmode=transparent&autoplay=0\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture;\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>La misa <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/CypherpunkMeeting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#CypherpunkMeeting <\/a><\/strong>de ayer vers\u00f3 sobre <strong>Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)<\/strong> una herramienta indispensable para la privacidad, desde 1991.<\/p>\n<p>Esta es la <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/HistoriaCrypto\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #1b95e0;\"><strong>#HistoriaCrypto<\/strong><\/span><\/a> de una aplicaci\u00f3n que hizo picar c\u00f3digo a genios como <strong>Phil Zimmermann<\/strong>, <strong>Hal Finney<\/strong>, <strong>Jon Callas<\/strong> o <strong>David E. Shaw<\/strong>.<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1048\" src=\"https:\/\/alfre.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/Selection_261.png\" alt=\"historia de pgp, qu\u00e9 es pgp\" width=\"807\" height=\"412\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>1991.<\/strong> <strong>Phil R. Zimmermann<\/strong> (New Jersey, 1954) lanza PGP ante la amenaza de la propuesta de la <strong>Ley 266 del Senado de EE.UU<\/strong>, que obligar\u00eda a los fabricantes de equipos seguros de comunicaciones a poner puertas traseras en sus productos.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1049\" src=\"https:\/\/alfre.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/Selection_262.png\" alt=\"historia de pgp, phil zimmermann\" width=\"839\" height=\"616\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>PGP<\/strong> cuenta con un sistema h\u00edbrido de cifrado, combinando algoritmos de criptograf\u00eda sim\u00e9trica y asim\u00e9trica. Desde la versi\u00f3n 1.0 implementa <strong>RSA<\/strong> en la parte asim\u00e9trica, y el primer algoritmo sim\u00e9trico fue <strong>Bass-O-Matic<\/strong>, creado por el propio Phil Zimmermann.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1050\" src=\"https:\/\/alfre.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/Selection_270.png\" alt=\"algoritmos en pgp\" width=\"934\" height=\"393\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>1992.<\/strong> La versi\u00f3n 2.0, en la que ya particip\u00f3 <a href=\"http:\/\/alfremancera.com\/blog\/historiacrypto-2-hal-finney-extropianos-bitcoin\/\"><strong>Hal Finney<\/strong><\/a>, Bass-O-Matic se demostr\u00f3 inseguro y fue sustituido por el algoritmo <strong>IDEA<\/strong>. Tambi\u00e9n incluy\u00f3 <strong>MD5,<\/strong> dise\u00f1ado por <strong>Ron Rivest<\/strong> (equipo RSA)<\/p>\n<p>En la <strong>I Reuni\u00f3n F\u00edsica de los Cypherpunks<\/strong> (Septiembre\u201992) todos contaban con la versi\u00f3n 2.0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1051\" src=\"https:\/\/alfre.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/Selection_263.png\" alt=\"cyphernomicon, pgp\" width=\"645\" height=\"239\" \/><\/p>\n<p>La empresa <strong>RSA Security<\/strong> (entonces RSA Data Security), propietaria de la patente del criptosistema de clave p\u00fablica RSA, demand\u00f3 a Zimmermann por usar su patente para PGP, algo que su creador intent\u00f3 evitar con un descargo de responsabilidad desde la versi\u00f3n 1.0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1052\" src=\"https:\/\/alfre.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/Selection_275.png\" alt=\"RSA, PGP\" width=\"907\" height=\"348\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>1993.<\/strong> PGP traspas\u00f3 sin permiso las fronteras de EE.UU mediante Internet, algo que violaba la <strong>Ley de Control de Exportaci\u00f3n de Armas (AECA)<\/strong> y la <strong>Regulaci\u00f3n del Tr\u00e1fico Internacional de Armas (ITAR)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zimmermann estuvo bajo investigaci\u00f3n desde <strong>Septiembre del &#8217;93<\/strong> hasta <strong>Enero del &#8217;96<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1053\" src=\"https:\/\/alfre.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/Selection_265.png\" alt=\"AECA, ITAR, crypto wars, leyes de criptograf\u00eda\" width=\"741\" height=\"368\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>1995.<\/strong> La versi\u00f3n PGP 3.0 ya incluye alternativas a los criptosistemas con patentes. Para el cifrado sim\u00e9trico se incorpora <strong>CAST5<\/strong> (a.k.a CAST-128) y se mantiene <strong>IDEA.<\/strong> Y para el cifrado asim\u00e9trico se introducen los algoritmos <strong>ElGamal<\/strong> y <strong>DSA<\/strong>, ambos basados en el trabajo del cript\u00f3logo egipcio<strong> Taher ElGamal.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1054\" src=\"https:\/\/alfre.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/Selection_267.png\" alt=\"ElGamal, DSA\" width=\"594\" height=\"269\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1055 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/alfre.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/Selection_266.png\" alt=\"ElGamal, algoritmo firma digital\" width=\"698\" height=\"137\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>1996.<\/strong> EE.UU cesa la investigaci\u00f3n sobre Zimmermann y el caso no tiene consecuencias legales para \u00e9l. Crea la empresa <strong>PGP Inc.<\/strong> En Agosto de ese a\u00f1o se publica en el <strong>IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)<\/strong> la documentaci\u00f3n de PGP de las versiones 2.x<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1057\" src=\"https:\/\/alfre.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/Selection_269.png\" alt=\"PGP, IETF\" width=\"899\" height=\"470\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Zimmermann llega a un acuerdo con <strong>Viacrypt,<\/strong> empresa que tiene licencia para el uso de RSA. Las versiones que desarrolle el equipo original de PGP, llevar\u00e1n n\u00fameros pares. Las versiones desarrolladas por Viacrypt tendr\u00e1n un n\u00famero impar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1997.<\/strong> En Diciembre de este a\u00f1o, la empresa <strong>Network Associates Inc. (NAI)<\/strong> adquiere PGP Inc. y el equipo de Zimmermann pasar\u00e1 a ser empleado de NAI, donde ampl\u00edan los servicios con herramientas de cifrado de disco, firewall, VPN&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><strong>1998.<\/strong> Se publica la documentaci\u00f3n de <strong>OpenPGP,<\/strong> la propuesta del standard abierto basado en PGP. Disponible en el IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), este documento ser\u00e1 el germen del nacimiento de <strong>GPG (GNU Privacy Guard)<\/strong> en <strong>1999<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2001.<\/strong> Zimmermann fortalece su carrera como consultor de seguridad y trabaja como Cript\u00f3grafo Jefe en <strong>Hush Communications<\/strong>, creadora de <strong>Hushmail,<\/strong> un proveedor de correo que apuesta por la privacidad e impementa PGP<\/p>\n<p><strong>2002.<\/strong> Miembros del equipo inicial de PGP (liderados por <strong>Jon Callas)<\/strong> montan la empresa <strong>PGP Corporation<\/strong>, la cu\u00e1l compra los activos de PGP que la empresa <strong>Network Associates<\/strong> pone a la venta.<\/p>\n<p>Zimmermann prestar\u00e1 servicios de consultor y asesor especial en PGP Corporation hasta 2010.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2004.<\/strong> Zimmermann empieza a trabajar en la creaci\u00f3n del <strong>protocolo ZRTP<\/strong> (encriptaci\u00f3n en Voz IP) donde cuenta con la ayuda de <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/zooko\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #1b95e0;\">Zooko<\/span> <\/strong><\/a>(tambi\u00e9n presente en los <a href=\"http:\/\/alfremancera.com\/blog\/historiacrypto-1-cypherpunks-bitcoin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #1b95e0;\">Cypherpunks<\/span><\/strong><\/a>) y <strong>Jon Callas<\/strong> entre otros. Su objetivo es la implementaci\u00f3n en proyectos como <strong>Silent Phone<\/strong> o <strong>Zfone<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2010.<\/strong> <strong>PGP Corporation<\/strong> adquiere <strong>TrustCenter<\/strong> y su empresa matriz ChosenSecurity. Poco despu\u00e9s, <strong>Symantec<\/strong> formaliza la adquisici\u00f3n de PGP Corporation el 4 de Junio por 300 millones $<\/p>\n<p><strong>2012.<\/strong> Zimmermann funda <strong>Silent Circle<\/strong> junto a <strong>Mike Janke<\/strong>, <strong>Jon Callas<\/strong> (CTO) y <strong>Vincent Moscaritolo<\/strong>. El foco de esta empresa es el desarrollo de soluciones para las comunicaciones m\u00f3viles seguras, y es la creadora del Silent Phone.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2014.<\/strong> Phil Zimmermann es incluido en el <strong>Cyber Security Hall of Fame<\/strong> por toda su carrera. Un merecido premio que se une a su larga lista de reconocimientos y titulaciones desde finales de los a\u00f1os \u201870.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Phil Zimmermann es un persona esencial en la historia de la criptograf\u00eda, la lucha por la libertad y la privacidad<\/strong>. Enfrent\u00f3 dos batallas \u00e9picas: el bloqueo gubernamental contra la criptograf\u00eda y la lucha de las patentes.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2020.<\/strong> Por la efem\u00e9rides de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1uCgkG1hrh4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>IV Reuni\u00f3n F\u00edsica de los Cypherpunks<\/strong><\/a> (grupo donde Zimmermann particip\u00f3) hice un v\u00eddeo de 20 minutos sobre la historia de PGP, que ha dado lugar a este post.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #ffff99;\"><em>*Todo este contenido est\u00e1 incluido en un hilo de Twitter, el cu\u00e1l <strong>te agrdezco que visites y le des RT y Like. <\/strong>Haz click en la imagen para acceder al tweet dentro de Twitter.<\/em><\/span><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/alfremancera\/status\/1338092866376232962\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1058\" src=\"https:\/\/alfre.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/Selection_443.png\" alt=\"historia de PGP y Phil Zimmermann\" width=\"527\" height=\"572\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1046,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1042","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-crypto"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - 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